Ecological Democracy (Hindi) - India and Nepal Water Sharing

fVacj fMLVªhC;w'ku jkbV~l xkao esa yksxksa ds tks jkbV~l gksrs gSa] nks ckj feyrs gSa ikap lky esaA ;s cUn gksus pkfg,A 'kgjksa esa tks yksx jgrsa gSA gekjs ;gka tks phQ tfLVl gSa ¼muds çfr :>ku ds lkFk½ mUgksaus bl ckjs esa dHkh lkspk ughA mudks dqN ekywe ugha] os dgrs gSa Bhd gSA

v:.k dqekj & dghaa ckgj ls x;s gksaxsA

HkwisUnz & gka] ckgj ls x;sA x;s rks >kj[k.M+ ls Fks ij ogka dqN dkaM djds x;sA Hkstk x;kA vc gkykr ;g gS fd mUgksaus Hkkjr ljdkj dks uksfVl fn;k] vHkh fQygky cUn dj fn;k tk,A LFkxu fey x;kA fcuk lksps le>s fd mlis D;k gksus tk jgk FkkA vkt ge lc ;gh ckr dj jgs gSa fd blesa cnyko pkfg,A exj ljdkjsa Åij ls vkds gekjs ij dkuwu Fkksi jgh gSA ml cnyko dks ge dSls yk ik;saxsA yUnu esa nks yk[k vknfe;ksa us tqywl fudkyk fd yM+kbZ ugh gksuh pkfg,A bruk cM+k tqywl dHkh ugh fudykA chl yk[k yksxksa us tqywl fudkyk] exj yM+kbZ gqbZA ml gkykr esa ge yksx ;g lksp jgs gSA ,d yk[k yksx ;gka ij bDdBk gq, gSaA bl lksp ds lkFk A gekjk dk;ZØe tc dy 'kq: gqvk rks lcls igys eq>ls dk;ZØe 'kq: gqvkA ge lquus dks cSBs Fks cgqr&cgqr cM+s yksxksa dks vkSj dk;ZØe 'kq: gqvk ml pht ls ftlds ckjs esa gekjk dksbZ laca/k ugha FkkA ,slh lwjr esa ge D;k ;g cny ik;saxs lekt dksA dk;ZØe dh 'kq:vkr fxVkj ctk dj fd;k x;k vkSj ,sls laxhr ls ftlls gekjk dksbZ eryc ughaA

jkds'k eupUnk & budk tks iz'u gS dkQh lgh FkkA ysfdu eS FkksM+k lk vyx fopkj j[krk gwaA

v:.k dqekj & vaxzsth esa dg nks vkiA

jkds'k eupUnk & eSa ;g dguk pkgrk gwa fd tc ekuo lekt fodflr gqvkA ekuo lekt vkxs c<+ jgk Fkk rks yksx d] [k] x] tks ,chlhMh FkkA tks bZaV] iRFkj cukdj ds gesa crk;s vkSj mUgksaus dgk ge lquuk pkgrs Fks ysfdu ;s lquus dks feykA rks esjk buls gekjk vkxzg gS fd geus tks 'kq:okr dhA blh ladsr fpUg ds laxhr ls isM+ks dks dkV djds] rcys ctk djds gh ge yksx viuh ckr dks igys vkxs cksyrs FksaA eSa uezrkiwoZd crkuk pkgrk gwa fd ,chlhMh ;k d[kx mRiknu vkSj mRiknu ds lk/ku ds fodkl ds nkSjku mits gSa] ;g laxhr Hkh mlh dh mit gSaA yksxksa ds chp dE;qfuds'ku 'kq: gqvk isM+ksa dks dkVdj vkSj Mªe ctk dj lapkj dh igyh O;oLFkk 'kq: gqbZA mudh ftKklk dk tokc fn;k eSausA isM+ nksLrksa dh rjg gekjss ihNs [kM+s gSaA

jktsUnz /klekuk & eq>s flQZ ;g dguk gS blesa fd tks ,sDV ds ckjs esa vkius ckr dh gSA rks eS dg pqdk gwa ml ckr dks fd ,sDV rks muds vius fgrksa dks cpkus ds fy, cukA os rks gekjs fy, gSa Hkh ughA

v:.k dqekj & vkxs D;k fd;k tk, ;g crk,aA

jktsUnz /klekuk & lkekftd ifjorZu ds fy, cgqr dke djuk iM+rk gSA ,d rks vkUnksayuA vkUnksyu] tukanksyu dSls rS;kj djsaxsA D;ksafd tSls gekjs jkT; dk vkUnksyu gqvk A jkT; ds vkUnksyu ds ckn lcdks txg feyhA lHkh vkUnksyudkjh us dksbZ u dksbZ in ys fy;kA pkj&ikap cp x;sA

v:.k dqekj & egkjkt vkUnksyu ls rks dqN ugh cnykA

jktsUnz /klekuk & ugh&ugh ;g dg jgk gwa fd vkUnksayu ls-----

v:.k dqekj & vkSj xM~<s esa Mky fn;kA

jktsUnz /klekuk & ughaA dg jgk gwa fd vkanksyu ls jkT; cukA vc tc bu phtksa ds fy, vkUnksayu djsaxs rks blds fy, blesa turk lkFk esa vkuh pkfg,A turk rc rd lkFk esa ugh vkrh tc rd vki mls tkx`fr ugha djsaxssA tc rd vki mudks ;g ugha crk,axs fd D;k gks jgk gSA xkao esa irk gh ugh gS fd jktuhfrd O;oLFkk D;k dj jgh gS] D;k ugh dj jgh gSA mudks rks ;gh irk gS fd gekjh [kq'kgkyh ds fy, dke dj jgsa gSaA mudks ;g irk ugha gS fd lafo/kku dk 73oka vkSj 74oka la'kks/ku fujFkZd gS D;ksafd mls jkT; ljdkj ykxw ugha dj jgh gSA vf/kdkj fn, x;s gSa] fxuk;s x;sa gSaA ;s ugha fey jgs gS] ugh ns jgsa gSaA tkucw> dj ugh ns jgsa gSaA vkius crk;k ugha xkao okyksa dks fd os pquko yM+ jgs gSaA pquko fdl ckr ds fy, yM+ jgsa gSaA pquko vki yM+rsa gSa lkr gtkj vkneh yM+ dj fo/kku lHkk esa tkrs gSa D;ksafd fo/kku lHkk ogka ij dkuwu curs gSaA vkids yxHkx lkr gtkj ds djhc vkneh! laln esa rks ,d gtkj ls de tkrsa gSaA ogka fo/kku lHkk gS ogka dkuwu cu ldrs gSaA iapk;r jkt esa 35 yk[k vkneh pquko yM+ jgk gSA og fdl ckr ds fy, yM+ jgk gS\ dksbZ dkuwu ugh cuk ldrkA dksbZ laln ;k fo/kku lHkk ds tSlh fo/kk;h ra= ugh gSA fdl pht ds fy, pquko yM+ jgk gS rks vkius crk;k mudks fd D;ksa pquko yM+ jgk gS\ flQZ nks phtsa vko';d gSa vkj{k.k vkSj pqukoA Rkks tc rd ge mudks ;g ugh crk;ssaxs rks gekjs lkFk dSls [kM+s gksaxsa oks\ ;g FkksM+k pqukSrh Hkjk dke gSA

HkwisUnz &blesa ijs’kkuh D;k gS\ tc 1974 esa la'kks/ku gqvk rks mlesa dqN vf/kdkj feysA exj ijs’kkuh D;k vk jgh gSa\ gekjs xkao ds dqN {ks= fuxe esa feyk fn;s x,A xkao ds yksxksa us mldk fojks/k fd;k fd tcrd pqus x;s uqekbZnsa gaS muds dk;Zdky esa iapk;r ls Hkkxhnkjh gVk dj fuxe esa ugh Mkyk tk ldrkA vkSj 1974 ds la'kks/ku esa ;g lkQ fy[kk gSA mlh nkSjku ;g la'kks/ku Hkh gqvk FkkA tSls gh ;g la'kks/ku gqbZ geus bldks pSysat fd;k gkbZ dksVZ esaA eSus Hkh ihVhfV'ku Qkby dhA tfLVl Jh fuoklu Fks] vc rks ugh jgsA mUgksaus 25 ist dh ttesaUV fy[khA eSus lqizhe dksVZ esa ,l-,y-ih- Qkby dhsA ml le; tfLVl vuar Fks vkSj mUgksaus gekjh QkbZy Qsad nhA dgrs gSa fnYyh esa tc lkj {ks= fnYyh ds pkjksa rjQ ds xkao mtM+s gSaA tc 'kgj QSyrs gSa rks xkao mtM+rss gh gSaA ;s xkao mtM+ tk;saxsA geus dgk ge fdl rjg jguk pkgrs gSa bldk QSlyk [kqn djsaxsA ljdkj ugha djsA exj mUgksaus gekjh dksbZ nyhy ugh lquhA mUgksaus gekjh QkbZy Qsan nhA mUgksaus [kkfjt djus dk QSlyk fn;kA ml lwjr esa ge D;k djsaxs\ geusa iwjh dksf'k'k dhA geus lqçhe dksVZ rd yM+kbZ yM+hA vkanksyu pyk;k gqvk gSA vc gekjh ubZ ljdkj vk x;h] chjHkæ th vk x;sA mUgksaus fQj ls gekjk MhuksVhQk; dj fn;kA D;ksafd gekjh fiNyh ljdkj ch-ts-ih- dh FkhA vc u ge iapk;r esa gSa u uxj iapk;r esa gSa uk gh ge dkiksZjs'ku esa] rks ;g ijs'kkuh gSA

jktsUnz /klekuk & ;g lgh gSA

v:.k dqekj]& vkidks dbZ egRoiw.kZ QSlys djus gksaxs flQZ bruk ugha fd vki 'kgjh {ks= esa jgsaxs ;k xzkeh.k {ks= esaA vkidks ;g QSlyk djuk iM+sxk fd vki bl vk/kqfudrk ds lkFk jguk pkgrs gSa ;k bldk fojks/k djuk pkgrs gSaA vk/ks eu ls dke ugha pysxkA vkidks vk/kqfudrk dk iw.kZ fojks/k djuk gksxkA mls udkjus dk dke laiw.kZrk esa gksuh pkfg,A m/kj ;s çdk'k D;ksa gSa\ bu ia[kksa dh D;k t:jr gS\ ge est ij D;ksa cSBsa\ yksx tehu ij cSBs gSa vkSj ge ;gka dqlhZ ij fojkteku gSaA ,slh cSBdksa dk vk;kstu [kqys esa gksuk pkfg,A o`{kksa ds uhps vkSj lwjt dh jks'kuh esaA pkgs tSlk Hkh okrkoj.k gksA tc rd vk/kqfudrk yknus dk fojks/k bl Lrj ij ugha gksxk ckr ugha cusxhA ;g vklku ugha gSA ;g xaHkhj pqukSrh gSA ;gka fodYi ugha gS okyk elyk lkeus vkrk gSA ;g dkjd fdlh Hkh pht ds fy, vkrk gSA

Hkjr flag iaokj & ,d laLFkk gS ^uo ;qx dyk laxe*A mUgksaus ,d vfHk;ku pyk;kA fo'o cSad dk ;k dgha vkSj #i;k ysdj izR;sd Hkwfe esa isM+ mxkus dk vfHk;kuA isM+ mxkus ugh FksA ,d Vhe Hksth xM~<s [kqnok fn,A vkSj mlesa fQj fn[kk fn;k [kpkZA

v:.k dqekj & egkjkt tc [kqn dku [kkoksxs rks ;gh djksxs vkSj D;k djksxs\

Hkjr flag iaokj & ugh mUgksaus f'kdk;r fd;k uk fd ;s cksxl dke gS] QthZ gS dgha Hkh ,d nj[kr] ikS/kk ugha yxkA mUgksaus baDok;jh fd;k] dqN QksVks&oksVks f[kapokdj vQljksa dks ns nsrs gS ;kuh mUgksaus ,d gtkj ikS/kk dkxtksa esa gh yxok fn;kA fdlh us Jh /kLekuk th ls fdlh isM+ ds ckjs esa iwNkA

jktsUnz /klekuk &bl isM+ dk uke pq;qjk gS vkSj vaxzsth uke gS mldk dqekÅa cVj Vªh ugh FkkA blfy, bldk uke fczfV'k us j[kk gSA bafM;u cVj Vªh vkSj dqekÅa cVj VªhA ;s vke ds isM+ ds cjkcj gSA

lzksrk dh vkokt & dkuwu D;k dgrk gS tc dksbZ ljdkj dks isM+ dkVrk ns[ksA ge bldh j{kk dSls dj ldrs gSaA vxj ge isM+ dh j{kk djrs gSa rks gekjh j{kk dkuwu djsA dksbZ jkLrk gS\

v:.k dqekj ikuhckck & eSa jktLFkku ls vk;k gwaA rhu lkS lky igys ogka gqbZ ,d ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk ds ckjs esa crkuk pkgrk gwaA ogka fo'uksbZ uke dk ,d leqnk; gSA tks/kiqj ds jktk dqN isM+ksa dks dkVuk pkgrs FksA xkao dk uke [kstjk FkA jktk ds ukSdj isM+ dkVus igqap x,A fo'uksbZ leqnk; ds yksx isM+ksa ls fyiV x, vkSj dgk igys gesa dkVksA 363 yksxksa dks viuh tku nsuh iM+h] rHkh isM+ksa dh j{kk gks ikbZA mUgha dh çsj.kk ls lqanjyky cgqxq.kk vkSj nwljs fe=ksa us çsj.kk yh vkSj fgeky; esa fpidks vkanksyu 'kq: gqvkA isM+ksa ls fyiV dj mls vkfyaxu dj] vki isM+ksa dks dkVus ls jksdrs gSaA ;kfu tc rd vki viuh tku nsus dks rS;kj ugha gksrs vki isM+ksa dks ugha cpk ldrsA

fdlh Hkkxhnkj efgyk dh vkokt & ysfdu blesa rks ge flQZ ,d gh isM+ cpk ldrs gSa\

ikuhckck & ysfdu vki mnkgj.k j[ksaxsA vkt jktLFkku gjk çns'k gSA ogka ckdh jkT;ksa dh rqyuk esa T;knk taxy gSaA ;g vxz.kh jkT; gS tgka yksxksa us vius çk.k fn,A ogka vkt Hkh ,d thoar ijaijk gSA iwjh nqfu;k ds yksx lfn;ksa rd blls çsj.kk ysrs jgsaxsA dksbZ lk/kkj.k jkLrk ugha gSA

jktsUæ /kLekuk & ,slk ugha gksrk fd vkanksyu dk vlj ugha gksrk gSA uSuhrky gkbZdksV ds nks U;k;k/kh'kksa dks viuk QSlyk okil ysuk iM+k ih;wlh,y ds vkanksyu dh otg lsA fQj mUgksaus gekjh ,d fjV ;kfpdk ij cnrehth dk QSlyk ns fn;kA bls lqçhe dksVZ ys tk;k tk jgk gSA yksdra= ds pkj LraHk ekus tkrs gSaA ,d ikapos LraHk dh t:jr gSA ;g turk ds ncko dk LraHk gksuk pkfg,A ge vkidks crkuk pkgrs gSa fd ge ,slk ncko cuk,axs fd ;s tt gekjs ;gka ugha jg ik,axsA m/kj nsf[k, QkbZy fy, ,d vkneh [kM+k gSA blus fVgjh MSe ds pyrs dVus okys gtkjksa isM+ cpk fy,A ;g vkneh lqçhe dksVZ pyk x;kA vU;Fkk loZuk'k gks tkrkA vkneh ds vanj cgqr rkdr gksrhA vkf[kj ge yM+saxs rHkh rks thrsaxsA tc yM+saxs gh ugha rks thrsaxs dSls\

ikuhckck & ;gh Hkkouk gksuk pkfg,A

ts-ih- Mcjksy & eSa fganh vkSj vaxzsth nksuksa esa ckrsa d:axkA eSa dkjiksjsV nqfu;k dk vkneh FkkA nl&iaæg lky dke fd;kA [kq'kh ugha gksrh Fkh dke djus esaA lkspk yksxksa ds chp dke d:aA pyk vk;k x<+oky fgeky; esaA nks lky rd eksVj lkbZfdy ij ?kwerk jgkA dqN ugha fd;kA yksxksa ds vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, dke djus dh ;kstuk cukbZA e'k:e mRiknu vkSj vaxksjk [kjxks'k ikyu dkA blls Åu curk gSA /khjs&/khjs irk pyk ljdkj vkSj fons'kh lykgdkj ¼gkySaM ds½ xyr tkudkjh ns jgs gSaA 30 çfr'kr mRiknu dks lkS çfr'kr cuk jgs gSaA blh chp fpidks vkanksyu ls ckgj fudys ,d lewg ds lkFk tqM+ x;kA muds ikl lalk/ku de FksA iSls de FksA ysfdu os tq>k: FksA mudh ço`fÙk vkanksyudkjh FkhA

xtk ukeds ,d xkao esa 'kjkc dk ,d ljdkjh Bsdk FkkA dkuwuh vkSj xSj&dkuwuh nksuksa rjg dh 'kjkcsa cM+h ek=k esa fcd jgh FkhaA 'kjkc dh ikÅp cspus ds dke esa ikapoh ls ysdj nloha rd ds Nk=ksa dks yxk fn;k x;k FkkA mUgsa nl FkSyh ij ,d FkSyh eq¶r esa nh tkrh FkhA blfy, mUgksaus Ldwy tkus ds cnys 'kjkc [kjhn dj xkao vk tkrs FksA vkenuh dh ykyp esa muds bl dke dk urhtk ,slk Fkk fd 'kjkc ihus okyksa dh cM+h rknkn gks xbZ vkSj 'kjkfc;ksa dh otg ls vkSjrksa dk jkLrk pyuk eqf'dy gks x;kA geus rhu lky rd vkanksyu pyk;k ljdkj dk dguk Fkk jktLo dh gkfu djok jgs gksA 26 tuojh 1997 dks geus 'kjkc ds oSu ij rkyk yxk fn;kA 24 ?kaVs rd oSu dks ?ksj j[kk x;kA rhu lky rd mUgsa 'kjkc cspus ugha nhA

bl chp geus vyx mÙkjk[kaM jkT; ds vkanksyu esa fgLlk fy;kA laln esa ipkZ Qsadus dk dke fd;kA fVgjh x<+oky {ks= esa dkml[kkjh ukeds ,d NksVs ls xkao dk fdLlk cukrk gwa fd efgykvksa ds Lolgk;rk lewg dh ,d lnL; dk Qksu vk;k fd isM+ dkVs tk jgs gSaA geus bls xaHkhjrk ls ugha fy;kA yxk fd nks isM+ ;gka] nks isM+ ogka & bl rjg dh dVkbZ py jgh gksxhA ,d lIrkg ckn Qksu vk;k fd dVs isM+ksa ls yns lkS Vªd tk jgs gSaA ,d isM+ dh dher rhl gtkj #i, gksrh gSA ;s 50 ls 200 lky iqjkus ikbZu vkSj lky ds isM+ gSaA tc ge ?kVuk LFky ij igqaps rks HkSapDds jg x,A ?kuk taxy Fkk vkSj bldh lkS ehVj dh iV~Vh dkV nh xbZ FkhA gesa crk;k x;k fVgjh MSe ds fy, Vªkalfe'ku ykbZu cu jgh gSA ;g b/kj ls xqtjsxhA gesa yxk fd vxj ,d Vªkalfe'ku ds ykbZu ds fy, lkS ehVj dh iV~Vh dVsxh rks fVgjh MSe esa 66 ikoj çkstsDV~l cuus okys gSaA vHkh mÙkjkapy ljdkj us 60 MSe cukus dh ?kks"k.kk dh gSA

,d ckr lkQ dj nwaA eSa fodkl dk leFkZd gwa vkSj ekurk gwa lM+d] fctyh vkSj ikuh dh t:jr gSA ysfdu bls i;kZoj.k dk uqdlku fd, fcuk gksuk pkfg,A eSaus flQZ vkBoha tekr rd lkbal dh i<+kbZ dh ysfdu ikoj çkstsDV~l dh tkudkjh ysus ds fy, eSaus bl ckjs esa xgu v/;;u fd;k vkSj ik;k fd fVgjh x<+oky esa voSKkfud <ax ls dke gks jgk gSA dukMk] :l] ;k tkiku dgha Hkh ,slk ugha fd;k x;kA brus isM+ dkVus dh t:jr ugha gSA geus blds f[kykQ vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA Jfed d'ehj ls vk, Fks vkSj taxy ds Bsdsnkj fgekpy çns'k lsA fctukSj ls [kPpj eaxk, x, Fks ydM+h <+ksus ds fy,A cM+h rsth ls dke py jgk FkkA Ms<+ lkS lPpj jkr fnu dke dj jgs Fks vkSj ,d jkr esa Vªd ls lHkh ydfM+;ka ys tkuh FkhA tqykbZ 2001 dh ckr gSA geus fpidks vkanksyu 'kq: fd;kA gesa fodkl fojks/kh vkSj ns'k ds fodkl esa ck/kk igqapkus okyk cuk;k x;kA

ge lqçhe dksVZ x, D;ksafd tgka gekjh xfrfof/k ugha Fkh ogka mUgksaus dke 'kq: fd;kA eSaus iwjs flLVe dks uaxk fd;kA bldk urhtk gqvk fd 90 gtkj isM+ksa dh txg 10 gtkj isM+ dkVus dh eatwjh lqçhe dksVZ us nhA eSa vHkh Hkh yM+ jgk gwa D;ksaafd esjh jk; esa flQZ 500 isM+ dVus pkfg,A 10 gtkj isM+ dscy fcNkus ds fy, dVus okys gSaA esjk dguk gS fd tkiku dh rjg gsfydkIVj tfj, dscy fcNkbZA vxj eSa ,d isM+ dkVwa rks eq>s rhu lky dh tsy vkSj tqekZuk gksxkA ;gka rhu gtkj isM+ dkVus dh ckr ljdkj us [kqn Lohdkjh gSA ;s ekeys lqçhe dksVZ rd igqapk, tk jgs gSaA geus HkjikbZ ds :i esa taxy yxkus dh ekax dh gSA gekjk dguk gS fd ,sls taxy mlh ds vkl&ikl yxk, tk,a tgka isM+ dVs gSaA nwj esa ;s taxy ugha yxus pkfg,A Vkoj yxkus ds fy, xjhc fdlkuksa dh tehu u"V dh tk jgh gS D;ksafd ,d Vkoj ds fy, blds pkjks vksj 1600 oxZ;kMZ tehu u"V gksrh gSA

çcks/k jkt panksy & lHkh oDrkvksa dks /kU;oknA eSa bl ckr ij tksj nsuk pkgwaxk fd ;g çfØ;k iwjh nqfu;k esa pyuh pkfg,A ge isM+ ikS/kksa dks cpkus ds fy, çfrc) gSaA

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